When we learn about ionic compounds, we often come across the concept of lattice energy. It is the energy required to completely separate one mole of a solid ionic compound into gaseous ions. The magnitude of lattice energy depends on various factors such as the ionic size, ionic charge, and crystal structure. In this article, …

Introduction Polycarbonate tubes are a popular choice in the chemistry lab due to their durability and transparency. However, they are also sensitive to certain chemicals, such as acetone. Accidentally cleaning polycarbonate tubes with acetone can lead to discoloration and cause them to become opaque, making them difficult to use. In this article, we will be …

When it comes to the chemistry of organic compounds, one of the most fundamental concepts is the double bond in ethene. Since it’s one of the simplest organic compounds, it serves as a great example to study how different properties like light, temperature, and pressure affect the chemical bond between carbon atoms. In this article, …

Understanding Total Enthalpy: Definition and Formula Explained Enthalpy is a thermodynamic property that describes the amount of heat released or absorbed by a system at constant pressure. Total enthalpy, on the other hand, refers to the sum of internal energy and the product of the pressure and volume of a system. In this article, we’ll …

Understanding Co-Vibration in Metal Carbonyls Metal carbonyls are compounds composed of a metal atom bonded to carbon monoxide ligands. The vibrational frequencies of the carbon monoxide ( ) bonds in these compounds can be used to determine certain properties of the compounds. In this article, we will discuss the trend of -vibration in isoelectronic metal …

The aniline dye test is a commonly used method for the identification and confirmation of phenols in organic compounds. This test is very simple and involves the reaction of the organic compound with aniline solution and a few drops of an oxidizing agent like bromine water or ferric chloride solution. If the solution has phenol …

When it comes to experimentation with carbon dioxide solubility, finding the right solvent can be challenging. The ideal solvent should have the lowest possible solubility of carbon dioxide under usual pressure and temperature conditions (for example, at 1 atm and 293 K). Although several publications have explored this topic, finding the perfect solution has remained …

If you’re studying chemistry, you’ve probably heard of the Ceric Ammonium Nitrate test for alcohols. The test is used to determine if a solution has an alcohol functional group, and is often used in synthetic organic chemistry to identify compounds. However, there’s one important caveat to this test – it’s only useful for compounds with …

If you have been studying organic chemistry, you may have come across the Lucas test. It is a common method used to differentiate between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols. The Lucas test works based on the rate at which an alcohol reacts with an acid chloride in the presence of anhydrous zinc chloride. However, if …