In this article, we will discuss the process of numerical simulation and calculations of pH. We will start by discussing the chemical reactions involved in the process and how they affect the pH of the solution. Chemical Reactions The first step in the process is the reaction of addition in water. This is a simple …

Have you ever learned about activation energy in your chemistry class? If yes, then you may have also come across the terms “potential energy diagram” or “activation energy hill”. You may have even wondered why activation energy is shown as PE (Potential Energy) on a PE diagram rather than KE (Kinetic Energy) when it is …

Are you an amateur photographer looking to create silver nitrate for black and white photography? One of the key steps involved in the process is the chemical reaction of silver and nitric acid to form silver nitrate. Understanding the Chemical Reaction The chemical reaction for the conversion of silver and nitric acid to silver nitrate …

Understanding Cauchy-Schwarz Integral Screening and Different Inequalities In the field of molecular electronic structure theory, Cauchy-Schwarz integral screening is an important concept that is used to estimate the two-electron integrals in atomic orbital (AO) basis. In this article, we will explore different inequalities that can be derived from Cauchy-Schwarz integral screening, specifically Ineq. 1-6, as …

Finding Impurity of a Sample of Sodium Bicarbonate Have you ever wondered how pure the chemicals you’re using are? It’s important to know the purity of the chemicals we use in various experiments to ensure accurate results. In this article, we’ll look at a question based on finding the impurity of a sample of sodium …

Understanding the Electronic Configuration of Co³⁺ Cobalt is a transition metal with atomic number 27. Its electronic configuration is This means that cobalt has two electrons in its outermost 4s orbital and seven electrons in its inner 3d orbitals. When cobalt loses three electrons and becomes Co³⁺, its electronic configuration changes. Two Possible Configurations of …

Calculating Ionic Strength and pH of a Buffer Solution When working with buffer solutions, it’s important to understand how to calculate the ionic strength and pH. In this article, we will go over the steps to do so and provide examples along the way. What Is Ionic Strength? The ionic strength of a solution is …

Preparation of 3-Ethylpentan-3-ol Using CI3TMS and Ethyl Grignard Reagent 3-Ethylpentan-3-ol is a useful intermediate in the preparation of various organic compounds. There are different methods to prepare this compound, but in this article, we will discuss a proposed method that involves using CI3TMS and ethyl grignard reagent followed by deprotection with tributylammonium fluoride. The Proposed …

Elimination reactions are one of the most important types of reactions that are widely used in organic synthesis. These reactions occur when a molecule loses a small molecule such as water or hydrogen halides. The mechanism of the elimination reaction depends on the conditions, particularly on the type of base used to abstract a proton …